17.  Unlawful emigration, etc.--(1) Whoever, except in conformity with the provisions of this Ordinance and the rules, emigrates or departs or attempts to emigrate or depart shall be punishable with imprisonment for a term which may be extended to five years, or with fine, or with both.

(2)  Whoever, except in conformity with the provisions of this Ordinance or of the rules,

(a)        makes, or attempts to make any agreement with any person purporting to bind that person, or any other person, to emigrate or depart; or

(b)        causes or assist or attempts to cause or assist, any person to emigrate or depart or to attempt to emigrate or depart or to leave any place for the purpose of emigrating or departing; or

(c)        causes any person engaged, assisted or recruited by him, after grant of the licence referred to in Section 12, to depart without appearing before the Protector of Emigrants as required by Section 15 shall be punishable:--

(i)         for a first offence, with imprisonment for a term which may extend to five years, or with fine, or with both; and

(ii)        for a second or subsequent offence, with imprisonment for a term which may extend to seven years, or with fine, or with both.

(3)  When, in the course of any proceeding in connection with emigration, in which an Overseas Employment Promoter is concerned, a breach of the provisions of this Ordinance or of the rules is committed, such person shall be liable to the punishment provided by sub-section (2) unless he proves that he was not responsible for and could not have prevented the commission of the breach.

(4)  Whoever, in contravention of the provisions of Section 9, recruits a citizen of Pakistan or holds an interview or examination or issues an advertisement for such recruitment, and the editor, printer and publisher of a newspaper in which such advertisement is published, shall be liable to the punishment provided by sub-section (2).

COMMENTARY

Offences with which accused were charged, did not attract prohibitory clause of S.497(1), Cr.P.C. Section 6 of Passports Act, 1974, prescribed maximum sentence of three years, whereas S.17 of Emigration Ordinance, 1979, entailed maximum punishment of seven years. Accused were in judicial lock-up and no recovery was to be effected from them. Accused were not previous convicted and after transfer of Trial Judge, his successor had not been named and it could not be said with any amount of certainty as to how long the trial would take to begin. Accused could not be retained in custody as a measure of punishment. PLJ 2007 Cr.C. (Lahore) 570.

Victims/prosecution witnesses deposed the mode and manner under which payment was made by them to accused who had promised to take them abroad and make arrangements for their job, both victims while deposing before the trial Court had painted a vivid and bright picture of occurrence. Witnesses remained stead fast in their lengthy and searching cross-examination. Delay, in registration of case in such like matter was very natural, because people are always interested in their money and for that purpose they keep on making attempts and finally when they fail to achieve the goal, then F.I.A. officials are approached for the redressal of their grievance. Accused was facing agony of case against him for the last about nine years and had suffered a lot. Accused had also undergone considerable period as under trial prisoner as well as a convict, while upholding conviction of accused, sentence of imprisonment of accused was reduced to the period already undergone by him. 2006 YLR 1492 (Lahore).

Accused was in jail for the last seven months, he cannot be kept in jail for an indefinite period. PLJ 2008 Cr.C. (Lahore) 868.

Section 22(b) of the Emigration Ordinance, 1979, prima facie, was not attracted in the case, as the same entailed some kind of fraud played or deceipt practised upon the person by misleading him and to extort money. None of the victims admittedly had made any complaint of such fraud. Apparently accused. appeared to have assisted certain persons to emigrate or depart from Pakistan in violation of law, which might amount to an offence under S.17(2)(b) of the said Ordinance punishable by five years' R.I. or fine or with both. Circumstantial evidence available on record also appeared to be as regards commission of the same offence and for securing conviction such evidence ought to be inconsistent with the innocence of the accused. Matter against accused was one of further inquiry. Offence did not fall within the prohibitory clause of S.497(1), C.P.C. Accused was admitted to bail in circumstances. PLJ 2006 Karachi 165.

Serious allegations had been levelled against the accused. Accused had not denied having issued cheques in favour of complainant which had been dishonoured. Filing of a civil suit by the accused seeking cancellation of certain documents, alleged to have been forcibly obtained from him, prima facie, appeared to be a device to make his case, one of further inquiry. Mere old-age of 60 years of accused was not sufficient to release him on bail when he was involved in an offence falling within the prohibitory clause of S.497(1), Cr.P.C. Several other enquires of similar nature were also being conducted against the accused. Challan had already been submitted in the trial Court. Bail was declined to accused in circumstances. 2006 MLD 330.

Petitioner had no locus standi to initiate present application as both affectees had appeared before High Court and had submitted that their grievance stood redressed and respondent did not owe anything to them. Cheque in-question had never been issued by respondent. Prosecution version that affectees had been coaxed into making favourable statements and affidavits on pretence that they would be paid their amount for which a cheque had later on been issued by son of respondent has weight. Bank account was in name of respondent's son. Respondent had not been able to explain in what connection he had received money from affectees. Respondent had manoeuvred affidavits and statements of affectees on basis of which bail had been allowed to him. He was thereby able to successfully steal a march on Court itself. Such a conduct on part of a person who seek discretionary relief from a Court of law was most reprehensible. He could not be allowed to benefit from an order, which he had been able to procure by deceitful means. Order whereby respondent had been allowed post-arrest bail was recalled. PLJ 2007 Cr.C. (Lahore) 574.

Accused made offer that he was willing to deposit amount in question with the Trial Court and said amount would be payable to complainant only subject to the decision of the case. Police Officer concerned had confirmed that amount in question had been deposited by accused in the Trial Court. State counsel also confirmed the said situation. Accused was admitted to bail, accordingly. 2006 MLD 1189.

Involvement of accused with specific role seemed to be a later innovation during investigation. Accused, according to school leaving certificate was minor at the relevant time, which had given strength to arguments of accused that in fact his elder brother had received amount but in order to pressurize accused party the entire family of co-accused had been roped in the case; in that view of the matter, prima facie case of accused fell within the ambit of further inquiry entitling him to concession of bail. Accused was admitted to bail, in circumstances. 2006 MLD 1281.

Complainant of F.I.R. bore no animosity or ill-will towards the petitioner. Ample incriminatory material was available against the accused. Offences charged with attracted prohibitory clause of section 497(1), Cr.P.C. Bail was refused. 2006 MLD 1386.

Case of prosecution rested upon statements of three deportees but all of them had been involved in the case as accused as they were fugitives from law; and their where-abouts were not known. During trial, the deportees never appeared before the Trial Court and though Trial Court had convicted and sentenced co-accused but their sentences were suspended by High Court keeping in view non-appearance of deportees and Supreme Court had also upheld order of the High Court. Accused who left Pakistan, had entered the country after more than one year. Agency had failed to collect any evidence to show that accused was present in Pakistan on the day occurrence took place. Investigation was complete and accused was no more required for investigation. Sending accused behind the bars would not serve any useful purpose. Case of accused falling within ambit of further investigation, interim pre-arrest bail already granted to him, stood confirmed, in circumstances against same surety bond. 2006 MLD 1526.

Accused was nominated in the F.I.R. with the clear allegation of fraudulently depriving the complainant of an amount of Rs. 600,000 alongwith his passport and I.D. Card on the false promise of sending him to U.S.A. and for providing him employment there. After the dismissal of his application for pre-arrest bail by the Special Judge, Central accused had disappeared and had not surrendered himself. Accused during the course of enquiry had been found guilty by the prosecution agency and thereafter the F.I.R. was registered against him. F.I.A. , therefore, had no mala fide reason to falsely implicate the accused in the case in connivance with the complainant. Extraordinary concession of bail before arrest was refused to accused in circumstances. 2006 MLD 1689.

Accused had already been opined by Investigation Agency to be innocent and a recommendation had already been made for seeking his discharge. Said fresh development in case would surely benefit the accused in the matter of bail. Accused was admitted to bail, in circumstances. 2006 PCr.LJ 1715.

Accused, according to F.I.R., had only arranged for a ticket in the capacity of being the owner of the Travelling Agency of the Airline. Offences with which the accused was charged were not supported by the evidence on record. Case of accused, thus, required further probe as contemplated by sub-section (2) of S.497, Cr.P.C. Accused was admitted to bail accordingly. 2006 PCr.LJ 513.

Trial Court had declined bail to accused on the ground that he would attempt to proceed abroad by personating for some one-else. Passport of accused was already lying with the Authorities. No circumstances were shown from which such intention of accused could be gathered. Trial Court, in circumstances was in error in declining bail to accused. 2006 PCr.LJ 1635.

Victims/prosecution witnesses deposed the mode and manner under which payment was made by them to accused who had promised to take them abroad and make arrangements for their job. Said payment was made in the house of Lamberdar of the village. No doubt during investigation passports of both victims were never taken into possession but it was apparent from the record that those documents were in the custody of accused who was travelling with the witnesses/victims. Non-production of said documents, was of no value, in circumstances. Both victims while deposing before the Trial Court had painted a vivid and bright picture of occurrence. Witnesses remained steadfast in their lengthy and searching cross-examination. Nothing was in the statements of said witnesses/victims either to doubt their credibility or to say that they had any malice or grouse against accused to falsely involve him in case. Evidence of said witnesses inspired confidence, rang true and same was sufficient to uphold conviction of accused. Delay, in registration of case in such-like matter was very natural because people are always interested in their money and for that purpose they keep on making attempts and finally when they fail to achieve the goal, then F.I.A. officials are approached for the redressal of their grievance. Delay in lodging F.I.R. in case, thus was of no significance. Accused was facing agony of case against him for the last about nine years and had suffered a lot. Accused had also undergone considerable period as under-trial prisoner as well as a convict. While upholding conviction of accused, sentence of imprisonment of accused was reduced to the period already undergone by him. 2006 YLR 1492.

Allegation made against the accused in the F.I.R. was not hit by S.17 of the Emigration Ordinance, 1979. Tampering with a passport was not included in the definition of "Depart" or "Emigrate". Accused was already settled in U.K. and was visiting Pakistan temporarily, as such the Emigration Ordinance, 1979, as a whole by virtue of its S.27, was not applicable to his case. Inspector of F.I.A. did not act in good faith and instead they had acted mala fide. Impugned F.I.R. registered against the accused under S.17 of the Emigration Ordinance, 1979, was consequently quashed being without lawful authority and, of no legal effect. PLD 2005 Lahore 293.

According to F.I.R. accused had undertaken to send three persons abroad for purpose of employment. Said three persons had in fact gone abroad and then returned to Pakistan after some time. Nothing was on record of investigation to independently establish that it was the accused who had sent said three persons abroad or that said persons had been deported. Iqrarnama relied upon by prosecution had mentioned seven other persons and not said three persons who according to F.I.R. were to be sent abroad by accused. Even promissory note relied upon by prosecution did not mention said three persons referred to in F.I.R. Iqrarnama as well as promissory note appeared to be relevant to some other allegation against accused but not to allegation contained in F.I.R. in the present case. Number of affidavits had been referred wherein different persons had maintained that said three persons had in fact gone abroad with assistance of another person and accused had nothing to do with same. Nothing was recovered from possession of accused during investigation of case. ­Physical custody of accused was no longer required for the purposes of investigation as investigation qua him had already been finalized. Case against accused called for further inquiry into his guilt within purview of sub-section, (2) of S.497, Cr.P.C. Accused was admitted to bail, in circumstances. 2005 MLD 510.

Four passports of intending emigrants had been recovered from the house of accused during investigation. Fifteen witnesses had specifically made statements before the police that the accused had received huge amount for sending them abroad for employment but later on failed to fulfil his commitment, nor he had returned the amount. ­Sufficient evidence, thus, was prima facie, available on record to link the accused with the commission of the offence under S.22 of the Emigration Ordinance, 1979, which fell within the prohibitory clause of S.497(1), Cr.P.C. Bail was declined to accused in circumstances. 2005 MLD 980.

Statements of witnesses recorded by the police had revealed that the accused had not received any amount and the only allegation against him was that he was present at the time when co-accused had received the amount. Investigation qua the accused was complete and he was no more required by the police. Petition for cancellation of bail granted to accused was dismissed in circumstances. 2005 MLD 994.

No material whatsoever was collected by Investigating Officer during investigation in support of allegations levelled against accused in F.I.R. During investigation some oral statements were made by complainant and prosecution witnesses before Investigating Officer and as against that, accused had submitted his written statement before Investigating Officer maintaining his innocence and attributing falsehood to complainant party. F.I.R. showed that complainant's brother had been taken by accused with him to Iran where accused had disappeared leaving brother of complainant in lurch whereafter brother of complainant had returned to Pakistan on his own. Investigating Officer had stated that no documentary proof whatsoever was produced by complainant party before him regarding going of brother of complainant and accused to Iran or their returning to Pakistan. Investigating Officer, during investigation had stated that neither Identity Card nor Passport of brother of complainant had been produced by complainant party nor same were recovered from possession of accused. Case against accused in circumstances, was one of oral allegation by complainant party and a written denial by accused before Inquiry Officer. There being no other material available on record, it was not possible for the Court to conclude that reasonable grounds existed to believe involvement of accused in alleged offences. Investigation of case had already been finalized and physical custody of accused was not required for the purpose of investigation. Case against accused calling for further inquiry into his guilt within the purview of sub-section (2) of S.497, Cr.P.C., he was admitted to bail. 2005 MLD 1569.

Allegation against accused was that he had received amount alongwith Passport etc., from complainant on pretext of sending him abroad for employment, but that commitment was never honoured nor amount had been returned by accused to complainant. Record of case had revealed that a dispute of settlement of account existed between the parties and a cheque issued by accused in favour of complainant was not honoured. In view of facts/data available on record possibility that dispute was of settlement of account between parties and that case had been got registered by twisting the facts, could not be ruled out. Case against accused being of further inquiry, accused was admitted to bail. 2005 MLD 1574.

Accused was behind the bars for the last more than eight months and prosecution had not submitted challan before Trial Court. Nothing was recovered from accused during investigation and entire case of prosecution rested upon oral statements of prosecution witnesses. Investigation in case was almost complete and accused was no more required for said purpose. In view of conduct of Investigation Agency i.e. delay in submitting challan before the Trial Court, accused was admitted to bail. 2005 MLD 1582.

A large number of persons had got their statements recorded under S.161, Cr.P.C. who had allegedly been deprived of their passports and cash and had levelled serious allegations against the accused for having deceived them for sending abroad. Mere  fact  that  the accused had procured affidavits of a couple of affected person out of about 35 persons, did not advance his case for bail. Practice of defrauding innocent persons under the guise of sending them abroad, had assumed alarming proportions and this menace had not so far been dealt with the amount of seriousness which it deserved. Bail was refused to accused in circumstances. 2005 MLD 1779.

Allegations levelled against accused in the F.I.R. as well as in statements recorded under S.161, Cr.P.C., were merely general and collective in nature. Complainant party had failed to specify as to when accused had received any money from complainant, how much money was received by petitioner and where such money was paid to the petitioner. No documentary evidence was available on record so as to substantiate vague and general allegations levelled against accused by complainant party. Role allegedly played by accused during entire transaction was merely secondary in nature to that allegedly played by co-accused who had already been admitted to post-arrest bail on basis of a compromise between him and complainant party. Nothing had been recovered from possession of accused during investigation of case. ­Investigation of case having already been finalized to the extent of accused, his physical custody was no longer required for purpose of investigation. Case against accused calling for further inquiry into his guilt within purview of sub-section (2) of S.497, Cr.P.C., he was admitted to bail. 2005 PCr.LJ 413.

Accused allegedly receiving huge money from different persons for sending them abroad but failing to do so. Accused under arrest for last about six months. No recovery of money or any document effected from him. Person of accused no longer required by police. Co-accused already on bail. Case found to be of further inquiry. Bail granted in circumstances. 1987 PCr.LJ 1045.

Reasonable grounds existed to believe that accused was involved in commission of offence alleged in F.I.R. Police papers showing that person who had been allegedly duped, had clearly and specifically involved accused. F.I.R. showing number of incriminating articles recovered from accused. Mere circumstances that there was no personal recovery of any documents or material from accused, that one of two Mashirs, is a complainant and other Mashir was also from department, that there was a delay of 6 hours in lodging of F.I.R. and that seven persons who in their statements under S. 161, Cr.P.C, stated that each of them had paid a certain amount to accused for purpose of being sent abroad had not specified time when such payments had been made, held, would not be ground for granting bail to accused in circumstances. 1985 PCr.LJ 2479.