THE LAW OF SPURDARI
By
MRS. NAILA SABIR KHAN
L.L.M.
Advocate High Court.
Part time
Definition. The word “Superdari” may be defined as the disposal of
property connected with the offence, the person entitled by furnishing a surety
bond by the order of court for the production of such property whenever
necessary [AIR 1929 Lah. 658 = AIR 1931 Cal.455] ordinarily, the property must
be returned by the Court to a person form whose custody it has been taken
unless there are indicators to the contrary, that it did not belong to him.
[1975 P. Pr.LJ 617]. After property is seized by police, orders for its
disposal can only be passed by the Court and the police are expected to hold
the property subject to the orders of the Magistrate [PLD 1951 Dacca 33 = PLD
1951 Madh. B.241]
Scope of the section.
This section is only concerned with the power of direct levy of the amount.
Therefore, Sessions Judge, though he can delegate the powers of collecting the
final due on a forfeiture, cannot delegate the power to decide whether there
was a forfeiture. Petition for leave to appeal. Custody of wagon. Question
whether the petitioner was not party to the consent order passed by High Court
in respect of the interim custody of the disputed wagon could not be gone into
the Supreme Court at leave stage. Petitioner’s counsel apparently had appeared
and represented him and he had not filed any affidavit to the effect that he
had not consented to the operative part of the High Court consent order.
S. 439 and S.561-A Superdari of
Vehicle. Order of Quashment of Petition for Revision. Dismissal of order dated
15.10.1997 passed by Session Judge in faovur of respondent regarding Superdari
of truck, challenged in Cr. Misc. No.37 of 1998, already dismissed on 1.1.1999.
So this revision petition becomes anfractuous and dismissed. PLR 1999 304.
Superdari continues till the
case property is disposed of under section 517, Cr.P.C., Mere recommendation of
police for cancellation of case does not automatically put superdari to an end
the entitle superdari to retain property as of right.( SC) 1974 SCMR 238.
Order under
section 517 and 520 of the Cr.P.C. do not settle any rights not do they confer
any title, these previsions are for the summary disposal of the property. PLD
1996 Lah 918.
Court unable
to ascertain rightful owner of the property, directing the same to be kept in
malkhana until title is established by the parties in a Civil Court Order
upheld by the Court.PLD 1961 Lah 205.
Person
entitled to possession, Magistrate handing over property without making an
inquiry to find out person entitled to its possession. Order set aside. 1969
P.Cr.L.J 747.
Courts not to
go into title of property, which is to be decided by a competent civil court.
Property under section 517 Cr.P.C. is to be handed over to person from whose
possession it was taken over by the police. Bona fide purchaser handed over the
possession from whose possession of the tractor was taken by police. PLJ 1990
Cr.c Kar.
Title of
property, Question to title to property concerned is hardly desirable to be
decided under section 517(1), Cr.P.C. The court is not competent to decided by
an ordinary civil court of competent jurisdiction. PLD 1970 SC 343.
Disposal of
crime property. Court directing that vehicle (crime property) be kept in police
custody till question of title be determined finally by a
Custody of
property u/s 6516-A is to be restored to the party form whom taken but under
special circumstances when there was a lien on property (Bus chassis) by the
workshop for the work having been done on it, held the High Court was right in
safeguarding the interest of workshop for the work having been done on it, held
the High Court was right in safeguarding the interest of workshop by ordering a
band guarantee before superdari could be given. 1980 SCMR 954.
Entitlement to
custody to ascertained. Ownership by itself is not enough to establish
entitlement to custody. Magistrate giving cattle on superdari to applicant
without sending for police record or ascertaining entitlement to custody. The
Magistrate held, acted perfunctorily. Order set aside. 1976 P.C.L.J 632.
Application of
complainant and accused for the possession of property alleged to be done
stolen, pending decision in court, the complainant mean-while filing
declaratory suit in
Purchaser of
stolen property form a thief cannot be given superdari of property pending the
decision of the case. PLD 1976 Lah 641.
Bona fide
purchaser bought a buffaloing open market. The original owner form whom it was
stolen entitled to receive it. 197 P.Cr.L.J. 279.
Tractor seized
form bona fide purchaser held, interim custody of such property should go the
person form whom it is recovered. 1976 P.Cr.L.J. 747.
Truck seized
from bona fide purchaser. Property seized normally to be given to person from
whose possession it is taken unless there are special reasons for doing other
wise. order passed on basis of ownership are not justified.1973 P.Cr.L.J.288.
Truck
superdari u/s.516-A Cr.pc.given to the applicant as according to the documents.
He is prima-facie owner of the truck, and the truck is the only means of his
livelihood. PLJ 1994 Cr.c. Kar 452.
Case property
to be returned by trial court U/C 516-A Cr.P.C. when appeal is accepted by the
Supreme Court. PLJ 1997 FSC 30.
Rash and
negligent driving. A driver is prosecuted for rash and negligent driving. His
car cannot be detained as case property. AIR 1931 Lah 565.
Confiscation
of jeep is bad in law when accused charged for murderous assault with a
revolver. 1971 P.Cr.l .J 19.
Car alleged to
have stolen recovered, form bona fide purchasers ordered to be given person
form whom recover, don superdari, till it is identified by the court as subject
matter of theft. 1970 P.Cr.L.J. 452.
Custody of
truck seized under Pure Food Staff Control Act, and standing in police,
Malkhana given to its owner on heavy security, as the truck was liable to
deteriorate in police Malkhana. 1974 P.Cr.L.J. 452.
Conveyance of
offender cannot automatically be forfeited without the order of a Magistrate.
PLD 1976 Pesh 144.
Superdari to
truck. Case registered under section 420/406, PPC for cheating about the truck.
Held, the truck should have not been recovered form the person possessing it
unless a strong case of cheating was made out. 1970 SCMR 665.
Superdari of
truck involved in smuggling of Charas, give to his owner only because the
vehicle would deteriorate if not given on superdari. PLJ 1971 FSC 30.
Custody of
truck on superdari handed over to the petitioner in writ petition on the ground
that the truck was neither a stolen property nor having been used in commission
of any offence and was in possession of police u/s 523/550 Cr.P.C. and as such
illegal. PLJ 1997 Pesh 147.
Superdari of
car taken into possession by the High Court in proceeding under section 491
Cr.P.C. High Court finding the care to have been purchased with the money of
the women involved the proceedings ordering it to be placed in custody of the
father of the woman till question of ownership is decided by the Civil Court,
order of the High Court held proper. 1970 SCMR 293.
Superdari
motor vehicle given to the person form whose possession it was take by the
police, till the decision of civil court. 1992 SCMR 1454.
Custody of
car. Car Recovered from petitioner but the respondent prima facie purchaser of
car. Strong indications exists showing car not belonging to petitioner on day
of its recovery. Order giving custody to respondent maintained. 1973 P.Cr.L.J.
617.
Car
depreciates in storage. It should be given to one of the parties subject to
proper security for production in court
1974-P.Cr.LJ 617 note 53.
Car used in
the commission of offence owned and claimed by the person not doing anything to
advocate commission of offence. Court bound to release such property for
“proper custody” under section 516-Cr.P.C. order of Magistrate withholding
custody of car from its owner, held entirely unjustified. 1970 P.Cr.LJ 1215.
Car used in
commission of offence is not ground for refusing its custody to its owner who
is not connected with crime. NLR 1989 Cr.445.
Car superdari.
Dispute regarding motor-car. It is better entrust car to an automobile dealer.
1968 P.Cr.LJ 1738.
Superdari
order should be passed in favour of a person entitled to its possession or form
whom it was recovered unless there are strong reasons against it. Refusal by
the Magistrate that the car when given on superdari will be recklessly used and
depreciate in value in unlawful. PLJ 1976 Lah.181
Custody of
Rickshaw taken by accused on hire and removed to another district without
making payment, the accused said that it was case of civil nature of the
temporary custody be allowed to remain with him. Court allowed rickshaw to be
retained by accused on payment of hire charge at Rs.200 p.m. 1973 P Cr.LJ 626
Cash drawn by
complainant from bank but taken by accused under threats. Recovery witness won
over. Cash ordered to be returned to the brother of the deceased complainant.
Accused order to establish his right in
Acquittal of
accused in appeal does not compel a court to restore the property to him. Each
case is to be decide on its own circumstances. PLD 1950 Lah. 154
Accused
acquitted on benefit doubt. Property 33.75 tolas gold given to the complainant.
PLD 1963 Lah. 451
On acquittal
of the accused it is not incumbent on the Court to return properly to the
person from whom it was recovered. Aggrieved person may establish his title in
the civil court. 1971 SCMR 774.
Conviction set
aside other under section 522, Cr.P.C. must also be set aside and the property
be allowed to remaining the possession of the accused. 1970 PCr.LJ 956.
The acquittal
or conviction set aside other under section 522, Cr.P.C. must also be set aside
and the property be allowed to remaining the possession of the accused.
The acquittal
or conviction of the accused id immaterial, the court may pass an order for the
disposal of the property. PLD 1969 Lah. 141
Discharge of
petitioner under section 457/380, PPC entitled them to the return of the case
property (currency notes) recovered from the during the police investigation.
PLJ 1975 Cr.C Lah. 394
Possessions to
be given to the accused. When the conventions of the accused under section 448,
PPC is set aside, that the positions of the house given to the complainant
under section 522, Cr.P.C. must be restored to the accused. 30 Cr.LJ 902
Crime weapon
shoot gun was ordered to be confiscated to the state in the application under
section 561-A Cr.P.C. for the of the crime weapons to the accused when the
accused has been convicted and his appeal dismissed. PLD 1976 Pesh. 127
NO limitation
is prescribed for an application under section 517(I) Cr.P.C. for the disposal
of the case property. Court can pass such order till case property is the
disposed of. 1976 PCr.LJ 116
No limitation
is prescribed for making application under section 520. the proceedings are
special nature. It is neither appeal nor in the nature of appeal. PLD 1966 Lah.
918
Limitation.
Application for restoration of property made be filed within reasonable time
from the date of final decision of the case. PLD 1959 Lah. 141
Order for
disposal of stolen property is not be contemporaneous with announcement of
orders in original case. PLD 1974 Cr.C Lah. 421
Order of
superdari without notice to accused under section 523, Cr,P.C. Held to be an
interlocutory order liable to be set aside by the Magistrate who rightly
ordered that the vehicle should remain with the police till the disposal of the
case. 1968 PCr.LJ 936
Revision
competent. Order under section 523, Cr.P.C. is open to revision by High Court.
PLD 1965 Lah. 425
“Any court of
appeal, confirmation, reference or revision” in section 520 Cr.P.C. in not
necessarily limited to Court before which an appeal or revision is pending.
Section 520. Cr.P.C. gives supervisory powers to courts of appeal or revision
independently of the fact whether any appeal or revision in the substantive
case is pending or not. PLD 1973 Lah. 45. PLD 1974 Cr.C Lah. 421
“Court of
appeal” in section 520 Cr.P.C. is not necessarily limited to a Court before
which appeal is pending. Even when the substantive case is not before the court
in appeal or Revision the court may interfere with the order passed under
section 517 Cr.P.C. by the trial court. PLD 1950 Lah. 97, PLD 1960 CACCA 23.
No appeal.
Magistrate’s order under section 517, Cr.P.C. by the Sessions Judge. 1972
P.Cr.L.J P-5.
Order under
section 523 Cr.P.C. not appeal able under section 520, Cr.P.C. order set aside.
1977 PCr.LJ 168
“Court of
appeal or revision” section 520 and 517 Cr.P.C.) words “Courts of appeal or
revision” not necessarily limited to a court before which an appeal or revision
is pending. Powers of courts of appeal or revision to correct errors of court
below respect of orders passed under 517 with regard to stolen property exists
independent of the fact whether or not an appeal or revision in the substantive
case is pending. PLJ 1974 Cr.C. Lah. 421, PLD 1975 Lah. 45.
Section 520,
Cr.P.C. does provided for an appeal or revision against orders regarding
disposal of property. Petitioner acquitted by High Court for offence under
section 411 PPC the magistrate meanwhile ordered the delivery of the property
direct to the High Court by the petitioner competent. PLD 1958 Lah. 212
Discretion of
the Judge for disposal of property. The Judge has the discretion in the
disposal of the property and he may in the circumstances of the case order the
property to the given to a person other than the one from whose possession it
was found, even through the man may not have been found guilty. PLD 1953 Sindh.
25
Order cannot
be revised by magistrate. Magistrate making order under section 523 reviving
revising it and without giving notice to the petitioner in whose favour earlier
order was made, order held illegal and set aside. 1977 P.Cr.LJ 1253
Recovered
property directed to be returned to owner of the property. The property had
been taken from the house of the deceased. Neither any offence had been
committed regarding this property nor it had been used in the commission of the
offence, therefore provision of Sec.516-A, Cr.P.C. were not applicable to the
disposal of the property. 1996 SCMR 1544
Under section
561-A Cr.P.C. an order for the temporary custody of the property is to be,
[1973 P.Cr.LJ 626] while under section 523, Cr.P.C. and order to be made for
disposal for the property in certain circumstances, or for the delivery of its
possession to the person entitled to possession, for instance, when the case is
not sent up for trial. It may be observed that entitlement to possession cannot
be adequate with ownership. A stage might well arise in the case after an order
passed by the Court under section 523, Cr.P.C. during investigation delivering
possession of the property to a person in made that he may be sent up for
trial. In such an eventuality, the court would not be helpless to pass another
order under section 517, Cr.P.C. on the conclusion of the inquiry or trail.
[1968 P.Cr.L.J 936].
Temporary
custody allowed to be retained by accused in circumstances, pending hearing of
complainant or condition of his furnishing security any payment of hiring
charges fixed at Rs.200 p.m. 1973 PCr.LJ 626
Order for
custody and disposal of property pending trail in certain cases.
When any property
regarding which any offence appears to have been committed or which appears to
have been used for the commission of and offence, is produced before any
Criminal Court during any inquiry or trial, and of the property it subject to
speedy or natural decay, may, after recording such evidence as it thinks
necessary, order is to be sold otherwise disposed of [Section 516-A, Cr.P.C.]
Section 516-A
of the Cr.P.C. provides for the custody or disposal pending an inquiry or trail
of the property specified in this section [1968 P.Cr.L.J 1224 – AIR 1931
Cal.455] thus where regarding a property a report had been filed under section
448, Cr.P.C. and the case was till pending the trail Court has the power to
dispose of the property under Section 448, Cr.P.C. This section, however, does
not empower the Court to pass orders only if the property is produced before to
which the section refers is the property regarding which any offence appears to
have been committed or which appears to have been committed or which appears to
have been used for the commission of any offence. AIR 1963 Raj 13.
It is well
established rule in all civilized countries of the world that property
recovered from the possession of the person charged with a crime is retained
intact in Court for purposes of identification until such time as the case is
concluded. If the property is subject to speedy or natural decay to is open the
court to make an order for its sale or disposal, but if the property does not
answer this description the Court can only make an order for its custody
pending the conclusion of inquiry or trial, where there is no Criminal
proceeding pending and no property has been seized by the police, there is no
provision enabling the Court to pass an order of disposal of any property.
When as
accused has been charged with cheating or Criminal breach of trust does not
give jurisdiction to the magistrate, inquiring into case to pass a stop order
on the bank in order to prevent a accuse from operating on his bank account.
Circumstances of urgency may necessitate the passing of an ex.parte order under
section 516-A Cr.P.C. but such order can only be an interim order subject to
vacation or confirmation after hearing the parties concerned.
Applications
of complainant and accused for the possession of the property alleged to be
stolen, pending decision in court the complainant meanwhile filing declaratory
suit in
When property
is seized by police, orders for its disposal can only be passed by the Court
and the police are expected to hold the property subjected to the order of the
Magistrate. PLD 1951
Delivery of property, Property seized normally to be given persona from
whose possession it is taken unless there are special reasons for doing
otherwise order passed on basis of ownership not justified. 1973 PCr.LJ 288.
Temporary
Custody. Temporary Custody of the
property is to be made during the pendency of the inquiry or trail, as the case
may be temporary custody also allowed to be retained by accused in
circumstances, pending hearing of complaint on condition of his furnishing
security and payment of hearing charges fixed at Rs.200 p.m. 1973 PCr.L.J.626
Property uses
for omission of any offence. The property can be obtained only if it has been
used for the commission of any offence [PLD 1968 Lah.185 = 20 DLR W.P.84]. In a
prosecution of a motor driver for an offence under section 338 of the PPC the
car cannot be said to have been used by the accused for the commission of the
offence with meaning of section 516-A Cr.P.C. if is illegal therefore, for the
Magistrate to detain the motor car pending conclusion of the trail. [AIR 1931
Lah, 565] Property allegedly used in commission of offence owned and claimed by
person not doing anything to advance commission of offence. Court bound to
release such property for proper custody of car from its owner, held, entirely
unjustified in circumstances, [1970 P.Cr.LJ 1215, Lah] where a motor truck of a
businessman had been detained for a long period on the ground that it was
required as an exhibit in case against the driver under Arms Act, in respect of
a revolver an some true cartridges found in it, it was held that, the order of
detention was neither proper no reasonable, particularly when a previous order
for its release had been passed upon security and the security had been
finished. AIR 1949 Pat. 44
Similarly a
bus cannot be detained where the allegations against the driver of the bus are
that he was not warning the prescribed uniform and that he refused to produce
the driving license, and against the conductor that he was carrying 59
passengers though the permit was 48 passengers and that certain bundles were
placed on the top which exceeded the permissible height. There was no
allegation that any offence of have been committed regarding the bus, nor was
there any allegation to the effect that there was any mechanical defect in the
bus. AIR 1963 Raj 13.
Taxi car
allegedly purchased on installment basis but terms of purchase neither record
in writing nor fully payment established. Owners, no other hand establishing
ownership by producing sale deed, registration certificate, and permit for
plying. No valid justification, held existed for withholding possession of Taxi
Car from owner during pendency of Criminal proceedings ---- owner restored the
possession but ordered to furnish bank guarantee for safe-guard of interest of
other claimants – criminal procedure Code, Sections 439 and 561-A. 1972 PCr.J
678 Kar.
Vehicle used,
vehicle used for going to and escaping from the place of incident is not
covered by expression “Property used for the commission of an Offence”. 1971
PCrLJ 19 (DB).
Superdari of
Car. Taken into possession by High Court in proceedings under section 491
Cr.P.C. finding the car to have been purchased with the money of the woman
involved in the proceeding ordering it to be placed in the custody of the
father of the woman till question of ownership was decided by the civil court.
Order of the High Court held proper. 197 SCMR 293 (SC)
Custody of Car.
Car recovered form petitioner but respondent prima-facie purchaser of car.
Strong indication exist showing car not belonging to petitioner on day of its
recovery. Order giving custody to respondent maintained. 1973 PCr.J 617
Car
depreciates in storage. It should be given to one of the parties subject to
proper security for production in Court. 1973 P.Cr.LJ Note 53
Car in used in
commission of the offence. Owned and claimed by a person not doing anything to
advance commission of offence. Court bound to release such property for “proper
custody” under section 515-A Cr.P.C. order of the magistrate withholding custody
of car from its owner held entire unjustified. 1970 PCr.LJ 1215.
Car Superdari.
Despite regarding motor car. It is better to entrust car to an automobile
dealer. 1968 PCr.LJ 1738 (SC)
Superdari
order should be passed in favour of a person entitled to its possession of from
whom it was recovered unless there are strong reason against it refusal by
Magistrate that the car when given on superdari will be recklessly used and
depreciate in value is un-lawful. PLJ 1976 Lah. 181
Superdari,
proper custody, Taxi car belonging to petitioner used for going to and escaping
form place of incident by some culprits. Allegation, held was not converted by
words, which appears to have been sue do commission of any office used in
section 516 Cr.P.C. custody of car handed over to petitioner. 1989 PCr.LJ 1110.
Section 516-A
& 517 Constitution of
Custody of
Rickshaw taken by accused on hire. And removed another district without making
payment. Accused side it was a case of civil nature, the temporary custody be
allowed to remain with him. Court allowed rickshaw to be retained by accused on
payment of hire charges at Rs.200 p.m. 1973 PCr.LJ 626.
Rash and
negligent driving. A driver is prosecuted for rash and negligent driving. His
car cannot be detained as case property.
Confiscation
of jeep. Is bad in law when accused is charged for murderous assault with a
revolver. AIR 1931 Lah. 565.
Confiscation
of Jeep. Is bad in law when accuse is charged for murderous assault with a
revolver. 1971 PCr.LJ 19
Car alleged to
have been stolen recovered form bonafide purchaser order to be given to form
whom recovered, on superdari, till it is identified by the court as subjected –
matter of theft. 1970 PCrLJ 875.
Custody of
truck. Seized under foodstuff control Act, and standing in police Malkahan,
given to its owner on heavy security, as the truck was liable to deteriorate in
police Malkhana. 1976 PCr.LJ 452.
Offence under
section 3 and 6, West Pakistan Food Control Act 1958. Truck handed over to
owner as it would deteriorate if kept in Malkhana. PLD 1974 Cr.C Lah. 53.
Conveyance of
offender. Cannot automatically be forfeited without the order of a Magistrate.
PLD 1976 Pesh. 144.
Entitlement to
custody not ascertained. Ownership by itself is not enough to establish
entitlement to custody. Magistrate giving cattle on superdari to applicant
without sending for police record or ascertaining entitlement to custody the
Magistrate held, acted perfunctorily order set aside. 1976 P.Cr.LJ 632.
Section 516-A
does apply where the matter does not go up to the stage of inquiry or trial in
a Criminal. [AIR 1938 Cal.17=AIR 1942 Bom 42] or where the property is brought
into the court by the police and proceedings under section 512 in which it is not open to the magistrate to
give any finding of fact as regards the guilt of the accused or other wise.
(AIR1958 Madh. PRA. 39) where the magistrate after receiving a complaint in respect
of the theft of the lorry issued a such warrant as a result of which ascertain
lorry was seized but on objection the magistrate ordered the delivery of the
lorry. To the objector on his furnishing security purporting to act under
section 516-A the order for delivery is passed because during the pendency of
an enquiry although this stage of the trial and not been reach, and to the
order is covered by section 561-A. AIR
1958 Andh. L.T 479.
Custody of crime weapon distinguishable from custody of any other property
involved in crime such as motor car or any other means of transport magistrate
refuses to hand over weapon offence to accused on superdari pending inquiry and
trial of case. Order of magistrate held perfectly reasonable. 1971 PCrLJ 255
Lah. AIR 1931 Lah. 565, AIR 1949 Pat. 44, PLD 1965 Lah. 425.
Superdari of case property given to
petitioner. By trial court sessions court on revision setting aside superdari
order. High court setting aside order of session court and restoring superdari
order on the trial court. NLR 1991 Cr.LJ 702.
Comparison of
section 561-A and 523 Cr.P.C. 516-A/D with cases which have actually before the
criminal code for inquiry or trial. 1968 P.Cr.LJ 936, AIR 1954
While section
516-A enables the magistrate to provide for the interims custody of goods pending
the conclusion of the inquiry or trial. Section 517 provides for the disposal
of property after inquiry or trial is over. In connection with the order under
section 516-A there is necessarily no appeal because the order is not a final
order. And is subject revision when the case is actually disposed off by the
criminal code. Such fresh consideration of the matter will be under section 517
of the court. Therefore, only an order under section 517 is made appealable
where there has been no enquiry or trial in a criminal court, the property
section to apply will be section 523, whichever may be Act under which the
offence might have been committed and whatever happen in connection of seizer
of property by the police during investigation without any inquiry by the
magistrate. Under section 516-Cr.P.C and for the temporary custody of the
property is to be made during the pendency of the inquiry or trial as the case
may be while under section 523 Cr.P.C.
an order is to be made for the disposal of the property in certain
circumstances or for the custody of its possession for its possession to the
person entitled to possession, for instance, when the case is not sent up for
trial it may be sent for trial. It may be observed that entitlement to
possession cannot be equated with ownership. A stage might well arise in the
case after an order passed by the court under section 523 Cr.P.C. During
investigation delivering possession of the property to a person is made that he
may be sent up for trial. In such an eventually, the court would not helpless
to pass an other order under section 517 Cr.P.C. on the conclusion of the
enquiry or trial. Generally (i) if an article is recovered from a person
against home there is no allegation of any crime, the custody of the same may
be entrusted to such person on superdari and E.R.Bond (ii) if an article is
recovered from a person and it is clear that the article was stolen, the same
may be handed over to the owner on Superdari and E.R.Bond. where a trolley was
recovered form the accused who had unlawfully taken possession of it, the
petitioner being loss in possession of disputed property at the commission
crime was prima-facie entitled to its interim custody but the generally rule
that interim custody of movable property should be given to the person from
home it was seized by police was not inflexible and interim custody of property
could be given to an other person too when facts and circumstances of the case
so warranted. Where a disputed scooter was recovered by police as stolen
property. Petitioner and respondent both had purchased the scooter at different
occasions for valuable consideration. The respondent was held to has preference
over the petitioner being earlier purchaser from accused. Where a car was given
on hire purchase basis to a by petitioner and he continue to pay the
installments regularly. But subsequently an other identical agreement was made
with driver of A. on a complaint by A, but where no higher
purchaser agreement was executed. Between the parties and it cannot be said
that the purchaser has become owner of the property on the date its removal by
the owner. Has all the papers and registration etc. were is the name of the
owner the court ordered that taxi be given in the superdari of the owner on his
given bank guarantee for Rs.15,000/- to safe guard the interest of the other
parties to the disputes. 1972 PCr.LJ 678.